Performance Analysis of Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Area Power System Using Fuzzy-PID Controller

Vol. 3  Issue 2
Year:2015
Issue:Feb-Apr
Title:Performance Analysis of Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Area Power System Using Fuzzy-PID Controller
Author Name:Aditya Kumar Yadav and L. B. Prasad
Synopsis:
A large interconnected power system consists of large and small generating stations and all stations must have same frequency. Fuzzy-PID (Propositional-Integial Derivative) control method has been applied in this work for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of multi-area power system with Generation Rate Constraints (GRC). The objective of providing an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is to maintain the system frequency at nominal value and the power interchange between different areas at their scheduled values. The main requirement of an interconnected AGC is to ensure that the frequency of various bus voltages and currents are maintained at near specified nominal values, and tieline power flowing among the interconnected areas are maintained at specified levels, and total power requirement on the system as a whole is shared by individual generators economically in optimum fashion.The main work of AGC is to maintain constant system frequency. This method is used in the control system having three areas with steam turbine and one with hydro turbine tied together with power lines. The performance analysis of AGC using fuzzy-PID controller is presented in this paper.

Effect of Load Parameters Variation on AGC of Two Area Thermal Power System In the Presence of Integral and PSO-PID Controllers

Vol. 3  Issue 2
Year:2015
Issue:Feb-Apr
Title:Effect of Load Parameters Variation on AGC of Two Area Thermal Power System In the Presence of Integral and PSO-PID Controllers
Author Name:Bethala Prasad, CH. Durga Prasad and G.Pavan Kumar
Synopsis:
This paper presents the effects of load parameters and their variations on power system frequency and tie-line power. In this study the authors have selected two area thermal power system with Integral (I) and PSO-PID (Practice Swarn Optimization-Proportional-Integral Derivative) controllers. From the mathematical modelling of power system, frequency is a function of power system parameters and small changes in these parameters lead to small deviations in the system frequency and tie-line power. In case of extreme ends of parameters, even for small changes in load power there will be a chance of instability in overall power system. This paper deals with stable case for different parameter variations. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

Pulse Sensor for Diagnosis and Analysis of Heart Rate Using Peak Detection Technique

Vol. 3  Issue 2
Year:2015
Issue:Feb-Apr
Title:Pulse Sensor for Diagnosis and Analysis of Heart Rate Using Peak Detection Technique
Author Name:S. Priyadharshini and R. Preetha 
Synopsis:
This paper deals with the diagnosis and analysis of heart rate using Pulse sensor. Heart rate of a human body can be measured by considering the change of blood volume in fingertip with the help of microcontroller based methods. This method detects the volume change of blood by an optical sensor based on infrared technology. The main objective of this pulse sensor is to use Optical methodology to detect the blood flow through the index finger and offer the advantage of portability. The principle of Pulse sensor is that certain amount of light energy from infrared will be absorbed by blood cells and the remaining amount of light will be transmitted to the photodiode. Based on the amount of light transmitted, the flow of blood can be calculated, which is directly related to pulse rate. Advance Rise Machines (ARM) Microcontroller (LPC2148) is programmed to count the pulse and to display the heart rate digitally on an LCD. Peak detection algorithm plays an important role in diagnosing heart related diseases by comparing the pulse signal and the ECG signal using VB.NET tool.

Enhancement of Power Quality Using PI and Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Multilevel UPQC

Vol. 3  Issue 2
Year:2015
Issue:Feb-Apr
Title:Enhancement of Power Quality Using PI and Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Multilevel UPQC
Author Name:M. S. Sujatha and K. Venkateswarlu
Synopsis:
The power quality has become an important issue in recent years. The aim of this paper, is regulation of source voltage at the distribution side under voltage sag as well as harmonics. The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) provides combined features of both series and shunt Active Power Filters (APFs). The cascaded multilevel inverter with sinusoidal switching scheme is employed for low Total Hormonic Distortion (THD) in the output. The UPQC controller is designed based on synchronous dq0 transformation. In this paper, the UPQC performance with Proportional Integral (PI) controller and fuzzy logic controllers under sag and harmonics are analyzed in MATLAB environment.

Diagnosis of Air-Gap Eccentricity Fault for Inverter Driven Induction Motor Drives in the Transient Condition

Vol. 3  Issue 1
Year:2015
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Diagnosis of Air-Gap Eccentricity Fault for Inverter Driven Induction Motor Drives in the Transient Condition
Author Name:Khadim Moin Siddiqui, Kuldeep Sahay and V.K. Giri
Synopsis:
In the present time, the inverter-driven induction motors drives are being widely employed in the industries for variable speed applications. These drives are replacing D.C. motors and thyrister bridges day to day in the industries. In the past, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm had been successfully implemented for the diagnosis of air-gap fault in the induction motor. This algorithm was used to diagnose various induction motor faults in the steady state conditions for constant load. However, the FFT algorithm is unable to detect induction motor faults in the transient condition. Therefore, early fault detection is not possible by this algorithm. Generally, the variable speed induction motors include large data size and FFT method is also not able to diagnose many faults for large data size. This research paper proposes a new technique for early air-gap fault diagnosis purpose. By using this technique, the air-gap fault may be diagnosed in the transient condition and fault may be averted before it becomes more catastrophic. As a result, industries may save large revenues and unexpected failure condition. In this research paper, an inverter driven induction motor model has been proposed and diagnosed for air-gap eccentricity fault in the transient condition by time-domain and time-frequency domain techniques.

Optimal Positioning of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Smart Grid

Vol. 3  Issue 1
Year:2015
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Optimal Positioning of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter in Smart Grid
Author Name:Jose Infant Puvani 
Synopsis:
With the increase of electricity demand and change of concerning environment, the capabilities of renewable energy generation systems are being expanded. Renewable energy sources are considered as clean and prospective energy sources of the future world. The combination of AC and DC distribution grid is also considered for the efficient connection of renewable power resources. In this case, one of the critical problems due to these integrations is the excessive increase in the fault current. Inorder to protect this smart grid from increasing fault current, a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) could be applied, which has negligible power loss during steady state and capability to limit initial fault currents effectively. This paper research presents, optimal positioning of the SFCL and its effects on reducing fault current in a smartgrid having AC and DC microgrid. The power system was implemented with an AC microgrid having a wind farm with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) which is cost effective and improves the power quality, a low voltage DC grid connected with photovoltaic farm. Fault analysis was performed for the symmetrical faults with different SFCL arrangements. The optimal position of SFCL in the smart grid, which could limit fault currents with no negative effect to Distributed Generation (DG) sources and with minimized cost is found to be the integration point of each DG sources in the AC and DC microgrid.

LabVIEW Based pH Control of a Waste Water Treatment Prototype Plant by Incorporating PID,SMC and DSMC Controllers

Vol. 3  Issue 1
Year:2015
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:LabVIEW Based pH Control of a Waste Water Treatment Prototype Plant by Incorporating PID,SMC and DSMC Controllers
Author Name:S. Harivardhagini and A. Raghuram
Synopsis:
In this paper, the authors have aimed to develop a control technique using Sliding Mode Control (SMC) and Dynamic Sliding Mode Control (DSMC) for a pH control plant. This pH plant is also subjected to a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. The pH control process involves a prototype model in which acidic and alkaline streams are mixed into a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor [CSTR] in proper proportions to control the pH of the plant. The control mechanism involves control of the flow rate of the acid and alkaline solutions. SMC and DSMC are the types of Variable Structure Control (VSC). As the neutralization process is non linear, VSC serves as a better solution. Also PID control is implemented on this process and the results are compared. The unique feature of this paper is that all the control methods are implemented using LabVIEW software. LabVIEW stands for Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Workbench. The programming is done with this software and is applied to the prototype model. The results of PID, SMC and DSMC are compared and it is found that VSC controllers are better suited than PID controllers.